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the international space station is a

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state-of-the-art research laboratory

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that allows scientific research to be

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performed in the microgravity of space

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research in this unique microgravity

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environment is advancing our knowledge

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of biology chemistry physics and

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physiology

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scientists from all over the world are

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using facilities on this high-flying

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international laboratory that is packed

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with some of the most sophisticated

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technologies ever designed

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station research brings new discoveries

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furthers technology development expands

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our limits of exploration and improves

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hi my name is janjit ginsler and i work

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on the international space station

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program at the nasa johnson space center

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in my day-to-day work i get to work with

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scientists and engineers who actually

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build hardware that flies to the

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international space station i also get

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to work on outreach projects

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today i'm at the ames research center

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out in california and with me i have dr

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sanjoy som who's going to be launching a

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really cool experiment to the

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international space station later on

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this year

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so sanjoy why don't you introduce

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yourself

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sure can do welcome to ames jane hi

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everyone my name is sanjoy and i have

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multiple jobs here at nasa ames on the

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one side i'm a scientist studying life

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in extreme environments on the other end

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i'm an engineer working for the fruit

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fly lab project which is launching this

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fall at international space station

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myself and my colleague julie are two

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systems engineer for fruitfly lab that

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means we're in charge of making sure

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that the science requirements are

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translated to the engineering hardware

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and that the engineering hardware is

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then qualified for flight to the

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international space station

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wow that sounds really cool it's

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fascinating work

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hi everyone welcome to the actual fruit

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fly lab within the science laboratories

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at nasa ames research center this is my

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colleague dr hosamani he is a scientist

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with the fruitful lab mission

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it is very important for us engineers to

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talk to the scientists regularly to make

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sure that their hypotheses that they are

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testing on the space station is captured

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by my engineering hardware so i just

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want to emphasize that when you're in

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school it's not only about the academics

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right learn how to communicate with your

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colleagues because that's going to be

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extremely important in your professional

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career so now we're going to show you

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the hardware that dr hausamani's flies

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are going to be going to be living in

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and that we're launching this fall to

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the international space station come

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check it out

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okay so now we're still in the fruit fly

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lab and we're going to talk about the

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hardware that is used to satisfy the

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scientific requirements that were given

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to us by dr hozamani and his team now

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before we do that let's talk a little

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bit about the international space

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station and where we'll be located

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the location in the international space

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station within which our observation

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system needs to fit in has already been

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given to us that means we cannot build

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it in any kind of shape or form it needs

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to fit in slight slots that already

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exist on the space station

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these slots are the same on the

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centrifuge which is right next to where

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we're going to be living

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so the flies go into the observation

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system the observation system goes into

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the what's called a biorack in which

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they will sit in space this is in

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microgravity

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right next to it is a centrifuge that

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will house also the observation unit and

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sets and the whole thing will spin

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the reason it's spinning is that it's

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going to impose an artificial gravity

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like we have on earth to the flies okay

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so now that we know how we're housed on

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the international space station let's

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talk about the constraints for our

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hardware the first constraint is that we

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have to reuse the house of the flies

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this cassette

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is where the flies will be living for

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the duration of their mission in space

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this cassette was flown on the space

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shuttle in 2006 and one of the

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constraints was that you need to reuse

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the same hardware

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this blue tray you find in here is

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actually the food for the flies and

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that's important for an additional

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constraint we'll talk about in a bit

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so we need to build a unit that houses

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this same

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cassette on the international space

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station satisfying one of the scientific

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requirements given to us by the team

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that is they want to monitor the

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behavior of the flies in space

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that means we need a camera and if you

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put this inside a box with a camera it's

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not going to work very well why because

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there are no lights so we want to put

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lights in there as well but let's be

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smart about it let's install lights that

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simulate the day night cycles that the

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fly would live through if they were on

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earth

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that's called the circadian cycle now if

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you just use the big bulb that would

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stress them out and stress is not good

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otherwise they don't behave the way the

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same way as they would on earth so how

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do we put

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this cassette inside a box with the

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camera and with the lights

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this box then needs to fit inside the

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racks that are already existing on the

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international space station

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so the important dimensions are your box

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cannot be much wider than this

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and probably only three times as tall as

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this cassette

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so another important constraint when

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working with biological specimens in

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space is temperature flies operate

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operate best between 20 and 25 degrees

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celsius and if you leave your lights and

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camera on for too long it's gonna get

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too hot so we need to think carefully

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about what is the timing of the cameras

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and the lights such that all the

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scientific requirements are met and our

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flies are still alive

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now if it gets too hot one way to

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dissipate away that heat is using fans

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so we could put one big powerful fan

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that removes all the heats and that

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would be good but the problem is is that

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we are constrained by the amount of

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power we can use

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that's because international space

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station uses solar panels and there's a

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lot of really exciting science and

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engineering work that's done on the

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station all of all of them want power so

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there's only a specific amount that is

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dedicated to us so we can't use a lot we

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have to be very judicious in how the

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power is used

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one constraint that we have on the space

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station is the astronaut time they have

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a bunch of experiment that they're

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working on so they only have a small

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amount of time dedicated to hours

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and where they're going to be really

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helpful for us is to change the food for

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the flies because the food in this

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cassette is not enough to sustain the

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flies for the entire duration of the

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mission so what we have done is built a

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piece of hardware like this it's called

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the food change our platform which is

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especially specifically designed for the

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astronauts to change the food here

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quickly and efficiently the way it works

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is that you put the cassette inside this

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changeout platform like so and then a

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real changeout platform would have the

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new fly cassette

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in here i'm sorry the new

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the new food in here and then the

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astronauts will use this bar and push in

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the new food and pushing out the old

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food

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flies which we can then preserve for a

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scientific examination back here on

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earth

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okay so now that the astronauts have the

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new food inside the cassette they need

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to be able to reinstall that quickly

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inside the observation system so the

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observation system needs to have a door

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that opens efficiently that we can put

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the cassette in close it and then you're

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done so no screws no screwdrivers

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nothing so that's an important

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constraint astronaut time

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okay now you know all our constraints

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that we need to operate under in order

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to satisfy all the scientific

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requirements into our engineering

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hardware it is now your turn to design

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now that you've had a chance to design

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your fruit flight observation system

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let's see how that compares to what the

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engineers put together that's going to

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fly onto the international space station

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later this year

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all right so here's what we did

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let's start with our cassette

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remember that's where the flies live and

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we have our food tray inside and like

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any engineering drawing i need my axes

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excellent

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and then we are constrained by the shape

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of the observation system such that this

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can go inside

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within which

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the house of the flies is inserted

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inside it we're going to have our camera

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up there with a fish eye lens such that

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the fisheye lens can capture

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the entire

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flies are living

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now in terms of lighting remember i told

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you it was a bit tricky because we don't

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that shine brightly onto the flies so

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the way that we did it let me just

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redraw redraw that same image up there

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the cassette here

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is that we actually enclosed

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the bulbs on the underside so that they

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shine

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upwards

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and put a mirror up here that then

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diffuses the light uniformly

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onto the flies

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so that took quite a bit of trial and

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error and also we have the camera there

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that's then filming the flies

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and so in order to have the unit not

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warm up we actually used software to

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integrate with the hardware that turns

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on and off the cameras at times such

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that it doesn't get too hot in that and

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that took extensive lab trial as well to

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see how long we can record before it

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gets too hot

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the final constraint was to make it

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efficient and quick for the astronauts

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to change to remove the cassette change

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the food and put it back

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do you think we went with a solution

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that involves screwdrivers and bunch of

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i'm going to redraw the same thing

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in three dimensions to give you a better

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idea of what we did

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and so what we did is install hinges

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with our door

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and

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a little clip there on the side of which

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we have we installed a stiff

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rubber band that's then fixed

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at the end

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such that if you want to close the unit

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you close the door

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insert the rubber band

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your observation system is shut

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to open it just unhook the rubber band

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and the thing opens and then the

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cassette can come straight out and we

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can change the food this is an efficient

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and simple way and most importantly safe

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way for the astronauts to use our system

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now we have completed all our testing

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and our experiments can then operate

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safely on the international space

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station it's safe for the astronauts can

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survive the shake of the launch vehicle

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as well as the return and will guarantee

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the maximum science from the scientific

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requirements that were given to us by

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the scientists

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we're almost done with all our testing

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really excited about the mission and

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we're launching this fall oh my goodness

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hi welcome back this is my favorite part

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of the interview where we get to learn a

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little bit more about sanjoy now sanjoy

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can you please tell us about your

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education background sure so i went to

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school in europe and in high school i've

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always been really passionate about

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space exploration but i was not very

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good at math and physics but i really

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enjoyed it so i took my courage and then

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applied to engineering school in america

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and i ended up at the florida institute

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of technology which is a small school

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down in florida right by the kennedy

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space center which is really exciting

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and i got my bachelor's degree in

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aerospace engineering and i realized

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that the more you know the more you

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actually don't know so i went to

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graduate school at the university of

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washington up in seattle where i got my

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master's degree in aeronautics and

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astronautics and then i decided to

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switch more to the scientific field so i

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did my phd in earth sciences and

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astrobiology and astrobiology is the

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science of life in space and so i came

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down to nasa ames to do my postdoc doing

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that that type of research and then i

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found this amazing opportunity using my

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engineering degrees working with

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fruitville lab so now i can do both my

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science and my engineering grouping my

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passion about life in space i

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essentially have my dream job today

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so sanjoy that was really great learning

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about your background now is there any

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advice that you can give to the high

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school students to help them enter into

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an engineering career field

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i would say the most important is follow

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follow your passion if you're passionate

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about the engineering field even if in

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high school you have some doubts about

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if you can do it or not just do it

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because passion will drive you to a

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point where you can excel i was not very

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good and good at math and physics but in

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engineering school i did it so much that

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you just become good at it it's a

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natural process of learning so stay

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curious read a lot of books and then if

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you can even connect with scientists you

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know nasa scientists and engineers are

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happy to answer questions by email so if

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you're passionate about fruit fly lab

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for example check us out on nasa.gov and

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then find a mission and email us and

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we'll be more than happy to answer your

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questions

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okay well what kind of great advice do

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you would you have for students who

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actually want to come and work at nasa

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that step is usually done in college and

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so the advice i would give is that in

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addition to focusing on your academic

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credentials meet your your peers meet

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your colleagues connect with your

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professional societies meet with people

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who are more advanced than you and get

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mentors look at internships internships

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is the best way to get into nasa early

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in your career that's where you get to

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meet the scientists where you get to

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meet the engineers and with these

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connections you can then build to end up

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at nasa because those scientists and

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engineers you work with that will end up

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in recommendation letters from graduate

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school and so on so it's a process where

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your not only your academic skills are

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important but also your personal skills

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are important and internships is the

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best way to promote both

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wow that's really great advice for

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getting the student started out here at

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nasa you bet we look forward to seeing

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you all

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so if you liked working on this

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engineering project and want to pursue

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an engineering career check out some of

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the nasa design challenges that we have

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available also if you liked learning